Epidermoid Cysts -causes, features and treatment
At RPM Health Clinic, we understand Epidermoid Cyst, often called sebaceous or skin cysts – small lumps of dead, trapped skin. Our focus is on long-term management and prevention to help you achieve healthier, smoother skin, free from discomfort and scarring.
If you’re looking for an effective, solution to Skin Cysts, RPM Health Clinic is here to help. Book your consultation today and take the first step toward clear, healthier skin.
What are Epidermoid Cysts?
An epidermoid cyst is a small, benign bump that forms under the skin when skin cells become trapped instead of shedding. They are often mistaken for sebaceous cysts but are more common. Epidermoid cysts appear as round, smooth bumps, often with a visible pore, ranging in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres. Common areas for epidermoid cysts are found on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders. These cysts are typically painless and movable, but can become red, tender, or release foul-smelling discharge if infected.
Clinical Features of Skin cysts
The clinical features of epidermoid cysts include:
- Appearance: They typically appear as small, round, dome-shaped lumps under the skin. They are usually flesh-colored but can have a yellow or white hue.
- Size: They can vary in size, from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter, and may grow slowly over time.
- Location: Commonly found on the face, neck, upper trunk, and back, although they can occur anywhere on the body.
- Texture: Epidermoid cysts feel firm or rubbery to the touch and are often movable beneath the skin.
- Central Pore: Many epidermoid cysts have a visible central punctum or pore, which may be a small, dark spot on top of the cyst.
- Contents: When squeezed or ruptured, they release a thick, yellowish, foul-smelling keratin material with a consistency similar to toothpaste.
- Painlessness: Typically, these cysts are painless. However, they can become tender, swollen, and red if infected or inflamed.
- Non-Cancerous: Epidermoid cysts are benign and do not usually pose a cancer risk, though changes in size, shape, or color should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
- Inflammation and Infection: If the cyst becomes inflamed or infected, it can be painful, and the surrounding skin may appear red and warm to the touch. In severe cases, infection can lead to abscess formation.
These clinical features make epidermoid cysts recognizable, although a our dermatology specialist may perform further examination or testing to confirm the diagnosis if needed.
Causes and Risk Factors for Developing Epidermoid Cysts
While it may not be possible to prevent epidermoid cysts entirely, especially if there is a genetic predisposition, some strategies may help reduce the risk:
Maintain Good Skin Hygiene: Keeping skin clean and exfoliated can help prevent clogged pores and hair follicles, potentially reducing the risk of cyst formation.
Avoid Skin Trauma: Minimize cuts, abrasions, or other trauma to the skin, which can trap skin cells and lead to cysts. When possible, protect the skin during activities that could cause injury.
Manage Acne-Prone Skin: If you have oily or acne-prone skin, use non-comedogenic skincare products to reduce the risk of clogged follicles, which can help decrease the likelihood of cyst formation.
Avoid Squeezing or Picking at Skin Lesions: Manipulating pimples or other skin lesions can lead to inflammation and infection, increasing the risk of cyst formation.
Reduce Sun Exposure: Prolonged UV exposure may damage skin cells, so protecting the skin from excessive sun can be helpful. Use sunscreen, hats, or protective clothing to limit sun damage.
Treat Skin Infections Promptly: Any skin infections or inflammations should be treated promptly to reduce the chance of hair follicle blockages and cyst formation.
Regular Dermatological Check-Ups: If you have a history of cysts, routine visits to a dermatologist can help monitor skin health and address any early signs of cyst formation.
Hormonal Management: If hormonal fluctuations contribute to acne or oily skin, speak with a healthcare provider about options for hormonal regulation, as this may help in reducing the incidence of cysts.
Our Approach to Treating Epidermoid Cysts at RPM Health Clinic
When is Removal Necessary?
While epidermoid cysts are generally harmless, there are several circumstances where removal may be recommended:
- Infection: Epidermoid cysts can become infected, leading to symptoms like pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness. Infected cysts may also develop a pus-filled centre and feel warm to the touch. In such cases, medical attention is necessary, and cyst removal is recommended to prevent the infection from worsening or spreading to surrounding tissues.
- Rupture: When an epidermoid cyst ruptures, it can leak a thick, foul-smelling discharge, typically consisting of keratin and dead skin cells. Ruptures increase the risk of infection, and the cyst may become painful and inflamed. Once a cyst ruptures, it’s more difficult for the body to heal on its own, and removal is often necessary to prevent recurrence or infection.
- Discomfort or Irritation: Cysts can become uncomfortable depending on their size or location, especially if they develop in areas where friction or pressure is common (e.g., the face, neck, or back). Large cysts can press on surrounding tissues or nerves, causing discomfort or irritation. In such cases, removing the cyst can relieve pain and restore comfort.
- Cosmetic Reasons: For many people, epidermoid cysts can be cosmetically bothersome. Cysts that are large, visible, or located in prominent areas (such as the face, neck, or scalp) may affect a person’s appearance and self-esteem. Even if the cyst is not causing physical discomfort, removal is often considered for aesthetic reasons.
What Happens During Cyst Removal Surgery?
Cyst removal surgery is a simple procedure performed under local anaesthesia to ensure you remain comfortable throughout.
Firstly, a local anaesthetic is administered, and the area is numbed to prevent any discomfort during the surgery. An incision is made to access the cyst and depending on size and location there are different types of incisions which can be performed.
Removal by Punch Excision
For small cysts, a punch tool is used to create a small circular incision, making the procedure minimally invasive and leaving a tiny scar.
Removal by Elliptical Excision
For larger or less noticeable cysts which can have attachments to deeper tissues (as opposed to a facial cyst), an elliptical incision is made to ensure the cyst and surrounding sac are fully removed. This method also allows for smoother healing and better cosmetic results. During cyst removal, the entire cyst, including its sac (which acts like a small balloon), is carefully “peeled” away from the surrounding tissue. This ensures the cyst doesn’t refill.
Closure:
After removal, the incision is closed with : absorbable stitches that dissolve on their own or non-absorbable stitches that need to be removed in 5-14 days depending on area treated. In some cases, if the incision is very small, stitches may not be required at all. The aim is to minimize scarring and ensure complete removal to prevent the cyst from returning.
Expectations After Cyst Removal?
Removing an epidermoid cyst can significantly improve self-esteem, particularly when the cyst is located in a visible or bothersome area. After removal, many people experience a renewed sense of confidence and feel less self-conscious about their appearance, leading to an overall improvement in their well-being and comfort.
PRICE LIST
Epidermoid ( Sebaceous ) cyst removal on body
Expert surgical removal of skin cysts, minimizing scarring and ensuring complete excision for long-term results.
Scalp ( Pilar) cyst removal
Specialized excision of scalp cysts, focusing on complete removal and minimal disruption to surrounding tissues. Price includes follow up for sutures removal